Chapra town administrative headquarters of Saran govern in Bihar state and in north eastern move of India is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara and The Ganges rivers. Chapra grew in importance as a river mart in the 18th century when the Dutch. cut. Portuguese and English established saltpeter refineries there. It was constituted a municipality in 1864. The town has major rail and road connections with all over India.
In ancient days. Modern Chapra formed a part of KOSALA country. The history of Chapra is move to be history of Kosala which included portions other than present check of Saran Division. The kingdom of Kosala was bounded on the west by Panchala by the river Sarpika(sai) in the south on the east by Gandak and on the north by Nepal. The Kosala consisted of modern Faizabad. Gonda. Basti. Gorkhapur. Deoria in UP and Saran in Bihar. The historical background of the district- as available in the 'Ain-E-Akbari records Saran as one of the six Sarkars(Revenue Divisions) constituting the province of Bihar. At the measure of grant of Diwani to the East India company in 1765 there were eight Sarkars including Saran and Champaran. These two were later combined to create a hit unit named Saran. Saran(along with Champaran) was included in the Patna Division when the Commissioner's Divisions were set up in 1829. It was separated from Champaran in 1866 when it (Champaran) was constituted into a separate govern. Saran was made a part of Tirhut Division when latter was created in 1908. By this time there were three subdivisions in this govern namely Saran. Siwan and Gopalganj. In 1972 each subdivision of the old Saran district became an independent district. The new Saran govern after separation of Siwan and Gopalganj still has its headquarters at Chapra.
Various hypothesis have been put forward about the origin of the name SARAN. General Cunningham suggested that Saran was earlier known as SARAN or asylum which was a name given to a stupa (Pillar) built by emperor Ashoka. Another view holds that the label SARAN has been derived from SARANGA- ARANYA or the deer plant the district being famous for its wide expanses of plant and deer in prehistoric times. The earliest authentic historical fact or record concerning this govern may perhaps be related to 898 AD which declare that the village of Dighwara dubauli in Saran had supplied a coat plate issued in the reign of king Mahendra paldeva.
Saran(Chapra) has ancient and great history. Maharshi Dadhichi belongs to Saran who had donated his bone to Gods for manufacturig of arms. Cottage of Dronacharya was also situated in Saran. Gautamasthan. 8 km from chapra town is used to be Maharshi Gautam's ashrama. Lord Rama has provided Devi ahiylya wife of Maharshi Gautam who become stone due to a express(by her identify) her life approve. Currently there is a temple and Vishnupad preserved. The contend of "Gaj" (Elephant) and "Grah" (Corcodial) was made at Sonepur in Saran also. Presently. Sonpur is well known for Asia's biggest cattle Fair on Kartik Purnima(October-November) every year. Ambica Sthan (Ami,Dighwara) is famous for goddess Durga.
The famous Ashoka Pillar is located about 33 km from Chapra town (5 km from Maker Village). This is the displace where ennoble Buddha made his 13th stop on his way to attaining 'Nirvana'. He converted "Amrapali" - a local courtesan/powerful prostitute into a saint. This is now a major tourist attraction for Buddhists all over the world and is well maintained by the archaeological survey of India. At Chirand come Chapra ancient (primitive) bones were open and are placed in the Chapra Museum. It is famous for King Maurayadhwaj who was ready to sacrifce his only son to Vaman Avatar Lord Vishnu.
It is also famous for its Bhojpuri heritage. The famous "Bhikhari Thakur" is a famous person from Saran and is often referred to as the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri". "Mahendra Misir" also a famous person in Bhojpuri Folk songs. He had specially invented the "Purvi" a call of Bhojpuri Folk song. He was the know in playing of several types of instruments. Bhojpuri is dialect of this place. Ara (Arrah). Ballia (Balia). Chapra and Deoria the Bhojpuri heartland are known as "ABCD" of India due to their people's congruence of language and culture. populate of this "ABC" region has taken Bhojpuri across the Indian boarder to far away places in Fiji. Mauritius. Trinidad & Tobago. Surinam and Guyana when their forefathers were settled there as indentured labourer by Imperial forces. They undergo adopted there new homeland but comfort undergo Bhojpuri in their blood.
The govern of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' North latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' East longitude in the southern post of the newly created Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges constitute the Southern boundary of the govern beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak forms the dividing line.
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